Creation and equipping of radar subsatellite proving ground for flight tests, calibration and validation of space SAR

Abstract

Scientific research is underway to create air- and space-borne radar complexes for use as part of the geosynchronous space radar surveillance system GEOSAR, as well as a multi-band radar complex for Earth observation in the X, L and P bands and the SAR grouping on small spacecraft within the framework of the “Sphere” project. For flight tests of space radars, their calibration and validation, especially in cases of high and ultra-high resolution, as well as during the operation of all these complexes, the creation of radar subsatellite test ground becomes relevant. The list of the main SAR and space complexes tactical and technical characteristics, which must be confirmed during flight tests and monitored during operation, is considered. Based on the analysis of technical characteristics and operational experience of known proving grounds, the concept of construction and composition of reference subsatellite proving grounds (RSPG) has been developed. It is proposed to divide all types of proving grounds, depending on the tasks to be solved, into 5 classes. It is noted that the main metrologically provided RSPG tools should be a set of evaluation devices in the form of passive corner reflectors, active reflectors and transponders. In addition, RPPS of grades 4-5 operating all year round should have meteorological and ion stations to control the conditions of radio waves propagation and ground-penetrating radars to control humidity and reflectivity of the site. The requirements for the accuracy of the assessment of the main parameters of the radar using ground-based calibration tools are given. The maintenance of RSPG of grades 4 and 5 is carried out by qualified personnel who regularly monitor test sites and facilities, conduct scientific research, develop methods for calibration and validation of remote sensing space assets and their information products. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of modern and projected domestic space systems with SAR, it was concluded that a radar subsatellite test ground of at least the third class is needed.